Treatment options for retinoblastoma depend on various factors, including the stage and extent of the disease. These diagnostic tools are essential in formulating an accurate diagnosis and staging of the tumor so that appropriate treatment can be planned. Imaging tests such as ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provide more detailed information about the extent and location of the tumor. Ophthalmoscopy, a simple and non-invasive procedure, allows doctors to examine the retina and detect any abnormalities. Several diagnostic tools and techniques aid in the early detection of retinoblastoma. In these cases, regular screening and close monitoring are crucial even after successful treatment, as new tumors can develop over time. For individuals with hereditary retinoblastoma, there is a higher risk of developing tumors in both eyes or multiple tumors within the same eye. Hereditary retinoblastoma is caused by mutations in the RB1 gene, which is responsible for controlling cell division in the retina. Retinoblastoma can be hereditary or non-hereditary. Early diagnosis not only increases the chances of successful treatment but also allows for better preservation of vision and reduces the need for more invasive therapies. Pediatricians, family physicians, and ophthalmologists can perform these screening tests, especially in children below 2 years of age, looking for any abnormalities or signs of retinoblastoma. To catch retinoblastoma early, the significance of regular eye examinations including a simple torch light examination cannot be stressed enough. If any of these symptoms are observed, it is imperative to seek immediate medical attention. Parents and caregivers play an important role in recognizing early warning signs, such as a white glow or reflection in the pupil, crossed or misaligned eyes, sudden changes in vision, or a noticeable redness or swelling in the eye. Early detection plays a vital role in ensuring successful treatment outcomes. The condition arises from genetic mutations in the cells of the retina-the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye. The number of cases may be underestimated, especially in developing countries where diagnosis and treatment are often delayed. Retinoblastoma primarily affects children under the age of five, with approximately 8,000 cases diagnosed worldwide every year. Retinoblastoma is a rare form of pediatric cancer that affects the retina.
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